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RK2 plasmid
The RK2 Plasmid is a broad-host-range plasmid belonging to the incP incompatibility group〔David H. Figurski, Robert F. Pohlman, David H. Bechhofer, Alice S. Prince and Christie A. Kelton: "Broad host range plasmid RK2 encodes multiple kil genes potentially lethal to Escherichia coli host cells", ''Genetics'', Volume 79. March 1982, pp. 1935-1939〕 It is notable for its ability to replicate in a wide variety of single-celled organisms, which makes it suitable as a genetic engineering tool.〔J M Blatny, T Brautaset, C H Winther-Larsen, K Haugan and S Valla: "Construction and use of a versatile set of broad-host-range cloning and expression vectors based on the RK2 replicon", ''Appl. Environ. Microbiol.'' 1997, Volume 63, Issue 2, p. 370〕 It is capable of transfer, replication, and maintenance in most genera of Gram-negative bacteria. RK2 may sometimes be referred to as pRK2, which is also the name of another, unrelated plasmid.〔National Center for Biotechnology Information: "Escherichia coli W plasmid pRK2, complete sequence". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/315063834〕〔Colin T Archer ,Jihyun F Kim ,Haeyoung Jeong ,Jin Hwan Park ,Claudia E Vickers ,Sang Yup Lee, Lars K Nielsen: "The genome sequence of E. coli W (ATCC 9637):
comparative genome analysis and an improved
genome-scale reconstruction of E. coli", ''BMC Genomics'', 2011, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/9〕〔Stepánek V, Valesová R, Kyslík P.: "Cryptic plasmid pRK2 from Escherichia coli W: sequence analysis and segregational stability.", ''Plasmid'', 2005 Jul;54(1):86-91.〕 The IncP-1 plasmid group (IncP plasmids in ''Escherichia coli'') of which RK2 is a part has been described as "highly potent, self-transmissible, selfish DNA molecules with a complicated regulatory circuit"〔Malgorzata Adamczyk and Grazyna Jagura-Burdzy: "Spread and survival of promiscuous IncP-1 plasmids", ''Acta Biochimica Polonica, Vol 50, no. 2/2003, p. 425-453〕
==Discovery==
RK 2 was first isolated in connection with an outbreak of antibotic-resistant ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and ''Klebsiella aerogenes'' in Birmingham in 1969, as one of a family of plasmids implicated in transfer of Ampicillin resistance between bacterial strains.〔LEWIS C. INGRAM, M. H. RICHMOND, AND R. B. SYKES: "Molecular Characterization of the R Factors Implicated in the Carbenicillin Resistance of a Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Burns", ''ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY'', Feb. 1973, p. 279-288〕 Plasmids in the IncP-1 subgroup has been isolated from wastewater, agricultural soil, and hospitals.〔Thomas CM et al.: "Broad-Host-Range Plasmids from Agricultural Soils Have IncP-1 Backbones with Diverse Accessory Genes", ''Appl Environ Microbiol''. 2011 Nov;77(22):7975-83. Epub 2011 Sep 23.〕
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